Izigaba ezilandelayo zichaza ukuvela kwe-viscoelastic kwe-polyurethane foam isigaba ngesigaba, kuhlanganisa izindlela zokusabela, izenzakalo ezibonakalayo, kanye nokucatshangelwa kokukhiqiza okusebenzayo.

1. Imiqondo Eyisisekelo

1. Ukujiya

Ukuqina kumelela ukumelana kwezinto ukugeleza futhi kubonisa ukuziphatha kwazo okuqinile. Ukuqina okuphezulu kusho ukugeleza okubuthakathaka.

2. Ukunwebeka

Ukunwebeka kubhekisela ekhonweni lento yokubuyisela isimo sayo sokuqala ngemva kokuguquka. Ukunwebeka okukhulu kunikeza ukumelana okungcono kokuguquka kanye nokuwa kwefoam.

3. Iphuzu lejeli

Iphuzu lejeli liwushintsho olubalulekile lapho uhlelo lushintsha khona lusuka koketshezi olugelezayo luye kunethiwekhi eqinile engagelezi. Liyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlukanisa enkambisweni yokwenza amagwebu.

4. Ithrendi Ephelele

Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwegwebu, i-viscosity iyanda njalo, kuyilapho i-elasticity ikhula kancane kancane kusukela ebuthaka kakhulu kuya ekubeni namandla amakhulu. Ngemva kokususwa kwegwebu, i-elasticity iba yisici esibusayo sohlelo.

2. Ukuvela Kwe-Viscoelastic Ngesigaba Sokugqwala

Isigaba 1: Isigaba Sokuqala Sokuxuba (Isikhathi Sokungenisa Ngaphambi Kwesikhathi Sokhilimu)

Isifundazwe

I-Polyol, i-isocyanate, kanye nezithasiselo zisanda kuhlanganiswa. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kuqhubeka kancane, ukukhiqizwa kwegesi kuncane, futhi uhlelo luhlala luwuketshezi olufanayo.

Izici ze-Viscoelastic

• Ukuchachamba okuphansi kanye nokugeleza okuhle kakhulu.
• Cishe akukho ukunwebeka.
• Ngaphansi kwamandla angaphandle, izinto zigeleza ngokukhululeka futhi ukuguquka akulungiseki.

Imbangela Yoshintsho

Amaketanga ama-molecule awakakhi ama-crosslink abalulekile. Izinga lokusabela le-NCO-OH lisephansi, futhi akukho nethiwekhi ye-polymer esungulwe.

Ukuqaphelwa Kokukhiqiza

Ingxube ibonakala icacile noma ifana nobisi kancane futhi igeleza ngokukhululeka.

Isigaba 2: Isigaba Sokhilimu (Ukuqaliswa Kokwenza Amagwebu)

Isifundazwe

Amazinga okusabela ayashesha. Amanzi asabela nge-isocyanate ukuze akhiqize inani elikhulu le-CO₂. Uhlelo luba mhlophe, kuvela amabhamuza amancane, bese kuqala ukukhula.

Izici ze-Viscoelastic

• Ukuqina kwanda ngokushesha njengoba ama-oligomer kanye nezintambo zama-molecule ezinde kwakheka.
• Ukuqina okubuthakathaka kuqala ukubonakala ngenxa yokwakheka kwezinhlangano ze-preliminary chain.
• Uhlelo luhlala luqinile kakhulu futhi luyaqhubeka nokugeleza nokwelula.

Isici Esiyinhloko

Amabhamuza ahlala ekhula futhi ekhula. Uhlelo luthembele kakhulu ekuqineni kwalo ukuze luhlanganise amabhamuza egesi futhi luvimbele ukuphuma kwegesi.

Isigaba 3: Isigaba Sokukhuphuka (Isikhathi Sokukhuhla Okukhulu Ngaphambi Kokukhuhla)

Isifundazwe

Amazinga okusabela afinyelela esicongweni sawo. Kukhiqizwa igesi eningi, ivolumu yefoam iyanda ngokushesha, futhi amaseli akhula ngokushesha. Lesi yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu sokwakheka kwefoam.

Izici ze-Viscoelastic

• Ukuqina kuyaqhubeka nokwanda kakhulu.
• Ukugeleza kwamanzi kwehla kakhulu.
• Ukusabela kwe-crosslinking kuyaqina, okwenza ukunwebeka kwande ngokushesha.
• Ukuziphatha kwe-viscoelastic kuya ngokuya kugqama, kancane kancane kushintshela ekubuseni okunwebekayo.
• Izinto zokwakha zithuthukisa amandla okubamba kanye nokumelana nokuwa.

Uma iluliwe, igwebu liyashintshashintsha kodwa liphinde libuyele esimweni salo uma amandla esesusiwe. Amabhamuza akhula ahlala eqinile ngaphakathi kwe-matrix.

Imiphumela Yenqubo

• Uma ukuqina kunganele futhi i-viscosity ibusa, amabhamuza angaqhekeka, ahlangane, noma awe.
• Uma ukuqina kukhula kusenesikhathi noma kuqine kakhulu, ukwandiswa kwefoam kuyavinjelwa, okuholela ekuxineni okuphezulu kokugcina.

Isigaba 4: Iphuzu le-Gel (Isigaba Sokuguquka Okubalulekile)

Isifundazwe

Inethiwekhi exhumene enezinhlangothi ezintathu isunguliwe. Ukweqa nokwelula kufinyelela ibhalansi, okwenza lokhu kube yiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke inqubo.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-Viscoelastic

• Uhlelo lulahlekelwa ikhono lalo lokugeleza.
• Ukujiya okubonakalayo kusondela ekungapheli.
• Ukunwebeka kuba yisici esiyinhloko.
• Ukuguquka kuba ukunwebeka ngokuyinhloko, ngokululama okusheshayo ngemva kokucindezelwa noma ukwelula.
• Izakhiwo zamaseli ziyaqina unomphela njengoba izindonga zamaseli ziqina.

Ukubaluleka Kokukhiqiza

• Ukukhula kwe-gelation kwenzeka kusenesikhathi kakhulu kungaholela ekukhuleni okungaphelele kanye nokuminyana kwe-foam ephezulu.
• Ukwenyuka kwegesi okwenzeka sekwephuzile kungabangela ukulahleka kwegesi, ukushwabana kwegwebu, kanye nokuwa.

Isigaba 5: Isigaba Sokuphulukisa Nokuvuthwa (Ngemva Kokukhulelwa)

Isifundazwe

Amaqembu asele asabelayo ayaqhubeka nokusabela, okuqinisa inethiwekhi exhumene. Ukwanda kwegwebu kuyaphela, futhi izinto ziyaqina kancane kancane.

Izici ze-Viscoelastic

• Ubuningi be-Crosslink buyaqhubeka nokukhula.
• Ukuqina kukhula kancane kancane.
• Ukunwebeka kuyaqina.

Ngegwebu eliguquguqukayo:

• Ukuqina okuphezulu kuyagcinwa.
• Ukuqina nokuqina okuhle kuyagcinwa.

Nge-foam eqinile:

• Ukunwebeka kwehla.
• Izinto ezibonakalayo ziyashintsha ziye esimweni esiqinile.
• Ukuguquka kwesimo kuba yipulasitiki kakhulu kunokunwebeka.

Ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okusele kukhona ekuqaleni kodwa kukhishwa kancane kancane ngesikhathi sokuqina, okuvumela izakhiwo ze-viscoelastic ukuthi zizinzile.

Izinguquko Ezilandelayo

Ngemva kokuqina okwanele ezimweni ezizungezile, ukuxhumanisa kuba okuphelele, futhi izakhiwo zemishini neze-viscoelastic zihlala zizinzile.

3. Izici Eziyinhloko Ezithinta Ukuziphatha Kwe-Viscoelastic

1. Ama-Catalyst (Isici Sokulawula Esibaluleke Kakhulu)

Ama-Catalyst Avuthelayo

• Sheshisa ukukhiqizwa kwegesi.
• Khuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-viscosity kusenesikhathi.
• Yenza ukwandiswa kwefoam kuqhubeke ngokushesha.

Ama-Catalyst e-Gel

• Sheshisa ukusabela kokuxhumanisa.
• Setha inethiwekhi yokunwebeka ngokushesha.
• Nciphisa isikhathi sejeli.

Ukungalingani Kwe-Catalyst

Ibhalansi engafanele phakathi kokuvuthela kanye nama-catalyst ejeli kuphazamisa ukufana kwe-foaming-gelation, kuphazamisa iphrofayili ye-viscoelastic, futhi kungabangela ukuwohloka kwe-foam, ukushwabana, noma izakhiwo zamaseli eziqinile.

2. Izinga lokushisa lezinto ezingavuthiwe

Izinga Lokushisa Eliphakeme

• Isheshisa amazinga okusabela jikelele.
• Kwandisa amazinga okukhula kwe-viscosity kanye nokunwebeka.
• Kubangela ukwakheka kwe-gel kusengaphambili.

Izinga Lokushisa Eliphansi

• Yehlisa izinga lokusabela.
• Kukhiqiza ukwanda kancane kancane kwezakhiwo ze-viscoelastic.
• Kubambezela ukwakheka kwegesi futhi kwandisa ingozi yokulahleka kwegesi.

3. Inkomba ye-NCO (Inkomba ye-Isocyanate)

Inkomba Ephakeme Ye-NCO

• Ikhuthaza ukuxhumanisa okuqinile.
• Kwandisa ukunwebeka nokuqina ngokushesha okukhulu.
• Ikhiqiza igwebu elithambile kakhulu.

Inkomba ye-NCO ephansi

• Kuphumela ekungalinganini okwanele.
• Kuholela ekuthambekeni okubuthakathaka kanye nokuthambekela okuphezulu kwe-viscosity.
• Ikhiqiza igwebu elithambile elinokuguquguquka okukhulu kanye nokululama okubi.

4. Ama-surfactant nama-Filler

Izinto Zokwenza Ama-surfactant E-Silicone

• Thuthukisa ukulawulwa kokungezwani kobuso.
• Khuthaza ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwe-viscoelastic kulo lonke igwebu.
• Vimbela izakhiwo zamaseli ezingalingani ezibangelwa ukujiya kwendawo noma umehluko wokuguquguquka.

Izigcwalisi Ezingaphili

• Khulisa ukuthamba kwesistimu kokuqala.
• Yehlisa ukunwebeka.
• Yenza isakhiwo sefoam sibe siqinile iyonke.

5. Isakhiwo sePolyol

Ama-Polyols Asebenza Kakhulu

• Yakha amanethiwekhi axhumene kakhulu kalula.
• Khulisa ukunwebeka nokuqina ngokushesha.

Ama-Polyol Anesisindo Esiphezulu Sama-Molecular, Ama-Long-Chain

• Khiqiza inqubo yokuxhumanisa kancane kancane.
• Dala ukuziphatha okuthambile nokunwebeka.
• Gcina i-viscosity isikhathi eside.
• Ziyisici sezakhiwo ze-foam eziguquguqukayo.

4. Isifinyezo: Ithrendi Ephelele Ye-Viscoelastic Kuyo Yonke I-Foam

Empeleni, yonke inqubo yokukhipha igwebu inguguquko lwe-rheological lapho uhlelo luvela khona ku-uketshezi oluqinile kuphelaku-inethiwekhi ye-elastomeric ehlanganisiwe enama-three-dimensional.

Ibhalansi phakathiukwandiswa kwegwebu kanye nokususwa kwe-gelating, njengoba kuboniswa yizakhiwo ezishintshayo ze-viscoelastic zesistimu, inquma ngqo isakhiwo sokugcina se-foam, ukuzinza kobukhulu, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo iyonke.