Uhlobo olusha lwe-polyurethane adhesive lwalungiswa ngokusebenzisa ama-polyacid amancane e-molecule kanye nama-polyol amancane e-molecule njengezinto eziyisisekelo zokulungisa ama-prepolymer. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokwelulwa kweketanga, ama-polymer ahlanganisiwe kanye nama-trimer e-HDI afakwa esakhiweni se-polyurethane. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikhombisa ukuthi i-adhesive elungiselelwe kulolu cwaningo ine-viscosity efanele, ihlala isikhathi eside i-adhesive disc, ingalapheka ngokushesha ekushiseni kwegumbi, futhi inezakhiwo ezinhle zokubopha, amandla okuvala ukushisa kanye nokuqina kokushisa.

Ukupakishwa okuguquguqukayo okuhlanganisiwe kunezinzuzo zokubukeka okuhle kakhulu, ububanzi bokusetshenziswa, ukuthuthwa okulula, kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokupakisha. Selokhu kwasungulwa, kuye kwasetshenziswa kabanzi ekudleni, kwezokwelapha, kumakhemikhali ansuku zonke, ku-elekthronikhi nakwezinye izimboni, futhi kuyathandwa kakhulu ngabathengi. Ukusebenza kokupakishwa okuguquguqukayo okuhlanganisiwe akuhlobene nje kuphela nezinto zefilimu, kodwa futhi kuncike ekusebenzeni kokunamathisela okuhlanganisiwe. Ukunamathisela kwe-polyurethane kunezinzuzo eziningi ezifana namandla aphezulu okubopha, ukulungiswa okuqinile, kanye nokuhlanzeka nokuphepha. Njengamanje kuyi-glue esekelayo eyinhloko yokupakishwa okuguquguqukayo okuhlanganisiwe kanye nokugxila kocwaningo ngabakhiqizi abakhulu be-glue.

Ukuguga okushisa okuphezulu kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekulungiseleleni ukupakishwa okuguquguqukayo. Ngemigomo yenqubomgomo kazwelonke "ye-carbon peak" kanye "nokungathathi hlangothi kwe-carbon", ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon okuphansi, kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokonga amandla sekube yimigomo yokuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke izindlela zokuphila. Izinga lokushisa lokuguga kanye nesikhathi sokuguga kunomthelela omuhle emandleni okukhula kwefilimu ehlanganisiwe. Ngokwethiyori, uma izinga lokushisa lokuguga liphezulu futhi isikhathi sokuguga siside, izinga lokuqedwa kokusabela liphakeme futhi umphumela wokuphilisa uba ngcono. Enqubweni yangempela yokufaka isicelo, uma izinga lokushisa lokuguga lingancishiswa futhi isikhathi sokuguga singafinyezwa, kungcono ukungadingi ukuguga, futhi ukunqunywa nokugoqwa kungenziwa ngemuva kokuba umshini ucishiwe. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokufeza imigomo yokuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon okuphansi, kodwa futhi konge izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

Lolu cwaningo luhloselwe ukuhlanganisa uhlobo olusha lwe-polyurethane adhesive olune-viscosity efanele kanye nokuphila kwe-adhesive disc ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa, olungaphola ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphansi, okungcono ngaphandle kokushisa okuphezulu, futhi aluthinti ukusebenza kwezinkomba ezahlukahlukene zokupakisha okuguquguqukayo okuhlanganisiwe.

1.1 Izinto zokuhlola i-Adipic acid, i-sebacic acid, i-ethylene glycol, i-neopentyl glycol, i-diethylene glycol, i-TDI, i-HDI trimer, i-polymer eyenziwe nge-hyperbranched eyenziwe elebhu, i-ethyl acetate, ifilimu ye-polyethylene (PE), ifilimu ye-polyester (PET), i-aluminium foil (AL).
1.2 Izinsimbi zokuhlola I-oven yomoya yokomisa umoya oshisayo wedeskithophu: DHG-9203A, Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.; I-viscometer ejikelezayo: NDJ-79, Shanghai Renhe Keyi Co., Ltd.; Umshini wokuhlola ukuthambekela ojwayelekile: XLW, Labthink; I-Thermogravimetric analyzer: TG209, NETZSCH, Germany; I-Heat seal tester: SKZ1017A, Jinan Qingqiang Electromechanical Co., Ltd.
1.3 Indlela yokuhlanganisa
1) Ukulungiswa kwe-prepolymer: Yomisa kahle i-flask enezintamo ezine bese ufaka i-N2 kuyo, bese ufaka i-polyol encane elinganisiwe kanye ne-polyacid e-flask enezintamo ezine bese uqala ukuxuba. Lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela izinga lokushisa elibekiwe futhi ukuphuma kwamanzi kuseduze nokukhishwa kwamanzi okucatshangelwayo, thatha inani elithile lesampula ukuze uvivinye inani le-asidi. Uma inani le-asidi lingu-≤20 mg/g, qala isinyathelo esilandelayo sokusabela; engeza i-catalyst elinganisiwe engu-100×10-6, xhuma ipayipi lomsila we-vacuum bese uqala iphampu ye-vacuum, lawula izinga lokukhishwa kotshwala ngezinga le-vacuum, lapho ukuphuma kotshwala kwangempela kuseduze nokukhishwa kotshwala okucatshangelwayo, thatha isampula ethile yokuhlola inani le-hydroxyl, bese uqeda ukusabela lapho inani le-hydroxyl lihlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo. I-prepolymer ye-polyurethane etholiwe ipakishwe ukuze isetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokulinda.
2) Ukulungiswa kwe-polyurethane adhesive esekelwe ku-solvent: Faka i-polyurethane prepolymer elinganisiwe kanye ne-ethyl ester ebhodleleni elinezintamo ezine, ufudumale bese uvuselela ukuze kuhlakazeke ngokulinganayo, bese ufaka i-TDI elinganisiwe ebhodleleni elinezintamo ezine, gcina kufudumele amahora angu-1.0, bese ufaka i-polymer eyenziwe ekhaya ebhodleleni bese uqhubeka nokusabela amahora angu-2.0, engeza kancane i-HDI trimer ewela phansi ebhodleleni elinezintamo ezine, gcina kufudumele amahora angu-2.0, thatha amasampula ukuhlola okuqukethwe kwe-NCO, upholise bese ukhulula izinto zokupakisha ngemva kokuba okuqukethwe kwe-NCO sekuqinisekisiwe.
3) I-Dry lamination: Hlanganisa i-ethyl acetate, i-main agent kanye ne-curing agent ngesilinganiso esithile bese uvuselela ngokulinganayo, bese ufaka bese ulungisa amasampula emshinini we-dry laminating.

1.4 Ukuhlolwa Kwezimpawu
1) Ukuqina: Sebenzisa i-viscometer ejikelezayo bese ubheka indlela yokuhlola ye-GB/T 2794-1995 yokuqina kwezinto ezinamathelayo;
2) Amandla e-T-peel: ahlolwe kusetshenziswa umshini wokuhlola ukuthambekela ojwayelekile, kubhekiselwa endleleni yokuhlola amandla e-GB/T 8808-1998;
3) Amandla okuvala ukushisa: qala usebenzise isihloli sokuvala ukushisa ukuze wenze uphawu lokushisa, bese usebenzisa umshini wokuhlola ukuthambekela ojwayelekile ukuze uhlole, bheka indlela yokuhlola amandla okuvala ukushisa ye-GB/T 22638.7-2016;
4) Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Thermogravimetric (TGA): Ukuhlolwa kwenziwe kusetshenziswa i-thermogravimetric analyzer enesilinganiso sokushisa esingu-10 ℃ /min kanye nebanga lokushisa lokuhlola elingu-50 kuya ku-600 ℃.

2.1 Izinguquko ekuqineni ngesikhathi sokusabela kokuxuba I-viscosity ye-glue kanye nokuphila kwediski yerabha kuyizinkomba ezibalulekile enqubweni yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo. Uma i-viscosity ye-glue iphakeme kakhulu, inani le-glue esetshenziswayo lizoba likhulu kakhulu, okuthinta ukubukeka kanye nezindleko zokumboza ifilimu ehlanganisiwe; uma i-viscosity iphansi kakhulu, inani le-glue esetshenziswayo lizoba liphansi kakhulu, futhi uyinki awukwazi ukungena kahle, okuzothinta ukubukeka kanye nokusebenza kwe-bonding yefilimu ehlanganisiwe. Uma impilo yediski yerabha imfushane kakhulu, i-viscosity yeglue egcinwe ethangini le-glue izokwanda ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi i-glue ayikwazi ukufakwa kahle, futhi i-roller yerabha ayilula ukuyihlanza; uma impilo yediski yerabha inde kakhulu, izothinta ukubukeka kokuqala kokunamathela kanye nokusebenza kwe-bonding kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe, futhi ithinte ngisho nezinga lokuqina, ngaleyo ndlela ithinte ukusebenza kahle komkhiqizo.

Ukulawulwa kwe-viscosity efanele kanye nokuphila kwediski yokunamathela kuyimingcele ebalulekile yokusetshenziswa kahle kwezinamathiseli. Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho kokukhiqiza, i-ejenti eyinhloko, i-ethyl acetate kanye ne-ejenti yokwelapha zilungiswa zibe yinani elifanele le-R kanye ne-viscosity, bese i-adhesive igoqwa ethangini lokunamathela nge-roller yerabha ngaphandle kokufaka i-glue efilimini. Amasampula okunamathela athathwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwe-viscosity. I-viscosity efanele, ukuphila okufanele kwediski yokunamathela, kanye nokuqina okusheshayo ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphansi kuyimigomo ebalulekile elandelwa izinamathiseli ze-polyurethane ezisekelwe ku-solvent ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa.

2.2 Umphumela wokushisa kokuguga emandleni e-peel Inqubo yokuguga iyinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu, ethatha isikhathi, edinga amandla amaningi futhi edinga isikhala esiningi yokupakisha okuguquguqukayo. Ayithinti nje kuphela izinga lokukhiqizwa komkhiqizo, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ithinta ukubukeka nokusebenza kokubopha kokupakisha okuguquguqukayo okuhlanganisiwe. Uma sibhekene nemigomo kahulumeni "ye-carbon peak" kanye "nokungathathi hlangothi kwe-carbon" kanye nokuncintisana okukhulu kwemakethe, ukuguga okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokwelashwa okusheshayo kuyizindlela ezisebenzayo zokufeza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza kanye nokukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo.

Ifilimu ehlanganisiwe ye-PET/AL/PE yayigugile ekushiseni kwegumbi futhi ingama-40, 50, kanye nama-60 ℃. Ekushiseni kwegumbi, amandla okugugela kwesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe se-AL/PE sengqimba yangaphakathi ahlala eqinile ngemva kokuguga amahora ayi-12, futhi ukugugela kwaqedwa ngokuyisisekelo; ekushiseni kwegumbi, amandla okugugela kwesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe se-PET/AL sengqimba yangaphandle ahlala eqinile ngemva kokuguga amahora ayi-12, okubonisa ukuthi izinto zefilimu ezivimbelayo eziphezulu zizothinta ukugugela kwe-polyurethane anamathelayo; uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo zokushisa zokugugela ezingama-40, 50, kanye nama-60 ℃, bekungekho mehluko ocacile esilinganisweni sokugugela.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinamathiselo ze-polyurethane ezisekelwe ku-solvent ezivamile emakethe yamanje, isikhathi sokuguga esisezingeni eliphezulu ngokuvamile singamahora angu-48 noma ngaphezulu. Isinamathiselo se-polyurethane kulolu cwaningo singaqeda ngokuyisisekelo ukuqina kwesakhiwo esinomkhawulo ophezulu emahoreni ayi-12 ekushiseni kwegumbi. Isinamathiselo esithuthukisiwe sinomsebenzi wokuqina ngokushesha. Ukwethulwa kwama-polymers enziwe ekhaya ane-hyperbranched kanye nama-isocyanate amaningi asebenzayo kusinamathiselo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe sengqimba yangaphandle noma isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe sengqimba yangaphakathi, amandla e-peel ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa kwegumbi awahlukile kakhulu emandleni e-peel ngaphansi kwezimo zokuguga ezisezingeni eliphezulu, okubonisa ukuthi isinamathiselo esithuthukisiwe asinawo nje umsebenzi wokuqina ngokushesha, kodwa futhi sinomsebenzi wokuqina ngokushesha ngaphandle kokushisa okuphezulu.

2.3 Umphumela wokushisa okuguga emandleni okuvala ukushisa Izici zokuvala ukushisa zezinto kanye nomphumela wangempela wokuvala ukushisa zithintwa yizici eziningi, njengemishini yokuvala ukushisa, amapharamitha okusebenza ngokomzimba namakhemikhali ezinto ngokwazo, isikhathi sokuvala ukushisa, ingcindezi yokuvala ukushisa kanye nokushisa kokuvala ukushisa, njll. Ngokwezidingo zangempela kanye nolwazi, inqubo yokuvala ukushisa efanelekile kanye namapharamitha ayalungiswa, futhi ukuhlolwa kwamandla okuvala ukushisa kwefilimu ehlanganisiwe ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kwenziwa.

Uma ifilimu ehlanganisiwe isanda kuphuma emshinini, amandla okuvala ukushisa aphansi kakhulu, angu-17 N/(15 mm) kuphela. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-glue isanda kuqala ukuqina futhi ayikwazi ukunikeza amandla okubopha anele. Amandla avivinywa ngalesi sikhathi amandla okuvala ukushisa efilimu ye-PE; njengoba isikhathi sokuguga sanda, amandla okuvala ukushisa anda kakhulu. Amandla okuvala ukushisa ngemva kokuguga amahora angu-12 ngokuyisisekelo afana nalawo angemva kwamahora angu-24 nama-48, okubonisa ukuthi ukuqina kuqedwa emahoreni angu-12, okunikeza ukubopha okwanele kwamafilimu ahlukene, okuholela ekukhuleni kwamandla okuvala ukushisa. Kusukela ekushintsheni kwamandla okuvala ukushisa emazingeni okushisa ahlukene, kungabonakala ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zesikhathi sokuguga, akukho mehluko omkhulu emandleni okuvala ukushisa phakathi kokuguga kwegumbi lokushisa kanye nezimo ezingu-40, 50, kanye no-60 ℃. Ukuguga ekushiseni kwegumbi kungafeza ngokuphelele umphumela wokuguga kwegumbi lokushisa eliphezulu. Isakhiwo sokupakisha esiguquguqukayo esihlanganiswe nale glue ethuthukisiwe sinamandla amahle okuvala ukushisa ngaphansi kwezimo zokuguga kwegumbi lokushisa eliphezulu.

2.4 Ukuzinza kokushisa kwefilimu eqinisiwe Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kokupakisha okuguquguqukayo, ukuvala ukushisa nokwenza izikhwama kuyadingeka. Ngaphezu kokuzinza kokushisa kwezinto zefilimu uqobo, ukuzinza kokushisa kwefilimu ye-polyurethane eqinisiwe kunquma ukusebenza kanye nokubukeka komkhiqizo wokupakisha oqinisiwe oqediwe. Lolu cwaningo lusebenzisa indlela yokuhlaziya i-thermal gravimetric (TGA) ukuhlaziya ukuzinza kokushisa kwefilimu ye-polyurethane eqinisiwe.

Ifilimu ye-polyurethane elungisiwe ineziqongo ezimbili ezisobala zokulahlekelwa isisindo ekushiseni kokuhlolwa, okuhambisana nokubola kokushisa kwengxenye eqinile kanye nengxenye ethambile. Izinga lokushisa lokubola kokushisa kwengxenye ethambile liphezulu kakhulu, futhi ukulahleka kwesisindo sokushisa kuqala ukwenzeka ku-264°C. Kuleli zinga lokushisa, lingahlangabezana nezidingo zokushisa zenqubo yamanje yokuvala ukushisa okuthambile, futhi lingahlangabezana nezidingo zokushisa zokukhiqizwa kokupakisha okuzenzakalelayo noma ukugcwalisa, ukuthuthwa kwesitsha sebanga elide, kanye nenqubo yokusebenzisa; izinga lokushisa lokubola kokushisa kwengxenye eqinile liphakeme, lifinyelela ku-347°C. I-glue engenakushisa ethuthukisiwe enokuqina okuhle kokushisa. Ingxube ye-asphalt ye-AC-13 ene-slag yensimbi ikhuphuke ngo-2.1%.

3) Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-slag yensimbi kufinyelela ku-100%, okungukuthi, lapho usayizi wezinhlayiya ezilodwa ongu-4.75 kuya ku-9.5 mm uthatha indawo ye-limestone ngokuphelele, inani lokuzinza okusele kwengxube ye-asphalt lingu-85.6%, okuphakeme ngo-0.5% kunengxube ye-asphalt ye-AC-13 ngaphandle kwe-slag yensimbi; isilinganiso samandla okuqhekeka singama-80.8%, okuphakeme ngo-0.5% kunengxube ye-asphalt ye-AC-13 ngaphandle kwe-slag yensimbi. Ukwengezwa kwenani elifanele le-slag yensimbi kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo isilinganiso sokuzinza okusele kanye namandla okuqhekeka kwengxube ye-asphalt yensimbi ye-AC-13, futhi kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukuzinza kwamanzi kwengxube ye-asphalt.

1) Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa, i-viscosity yokuqala ye-polyurethane adhesive esekelwe ku-solvent elungiselelwe ngokwethula ama-polymers enziwe ekhaya ane-hyperbranched kanye nama-polyisocyanates amaningi asebenzayo cishe angama-1500mPa·s, anoku-viscosity okuhle; impilo yediski yokunamathela ifinyelela kumaminithi angama-60, okungahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zesikhathi sokusebenza zezinkampani zokupakisha eziguquguqukayo enqubweni yokukhiqiza.

2) Kungabonakala emandleni okuxebuka kanye namandla okuvala ukushisa ukuthi ingcina elungisiwe ingaphulukisa ngokushesha emazingeni okushisa egumbi. Akukho mehluko omkhulu esivinini sokupholisa emazingeni okushisa egumbi kanye naku-40, 50, kanye no-60 ℃, futhi akukho mehluko omkhulu emandleni okubopha. Le ngcina ingaphulukiswa ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokushisa okuphezulu futhi ingaphulukiswa ngokushesha.

3) Ukuhlaziywa kwe-TGA kukhombisa ukuthi ingcina inokuqina okuhle kokushisa futhi ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokushisa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ukuthuthwa kanye nokusetshenziswa.