Ukulungiswa kanye nezici ze-polyurethane semi-rigid foam ze-handrails zezimoto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Indawo yokubeka ingalo ngaphakathi emotweni iyingxenye ebalulekile yekhabhini, edlala indima yokusunduza nokudonsa umnyango nokubeka ingalo yomuntu osemotweni. Uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo, lapho imoto kanye nokushayisana kwe-handrail, i-polyurethane soft handrail kanye ne-PP eguquliwe (i-polypropylene), i-ABS (i-polyacrylonitrile - i-butadiene - i-styrene) kanye nezinye i-handrail zepulasitiki eqinile, zinganikeza ukuqina okuhle kanye ne-buffer, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise ukulimala. I-polyurethane soft foam handrails inganikeza umuzwa omuhle wesandla kanye nokuthungwa okuhle komphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise induduzo nobuhle be-cockpit. Ngakho-ke, ngentuthuko yemboni yezimoto kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezidingo zabantu zezinto zangaphakathi, izinzuzo ze-polyurethane soft foam ezintanjeni zezimoto ziya ngokuya zibonakala.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-polyurethane soft handrails: i-foam enamandla okuqina, i-foam eziqothulayo kanye ne-semi-rigid foam. Ubuso bangaphandle be-high-relief handrails bumbozwe ngesikhumba se-PVC (polyvinyl chloride), kanti ingaphakathi liyi-polyurethane high-relief foam. Ukusekelwa kwe-foam kubuthakathaka, amandla aphansi, futhi ukunamathelana phakathi kwe-foam nesikhumba akwanele. I-handrail enesikhumba ngokwayo inesendlalelo sesikhumba se-foam core, izindleko eziphansi, izinga eliphezulu lokuhlanganiswa, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni zezentengiselwano, kodwa kunzima ukucabangela amandla obuso kanye nenduduzo iyonke. I-armrest eqinile imbozwe ngesikhumba se-PVC, isikhumba sinikeza ukuthinta nokubukeka okuhle, kanti i-foam yangaphakathi eqinile inomuzwa omuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokushayisana, ukumuncwa kwamandla kanye nokumelana nokuguga, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi ekusetshenzisweni kwangaphakathi kwezimoto zabagibeli.
Kuleli phepha, kuklanywe ifomula eyisisekelo ye-polyurethane semi-rigid foam yezandla zezimoto, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kufundwa ngalesi sisekelo.
Isigaba sokuhlola
Izinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa
I-polyol ye-polyether A (inani le-hydroxyl 30 ~ 40 mg/g), i-polymer polyol B (inani le-hydroxyl 25 ~ 30 mg/g): I-Wanhua Chemical Group Co., LTD. I-MDI eguquliwe [i-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, w (NCO) ingu-25% ~ 30%], i-composite catalyst, i-wetting dispersant (i-Agent 3), i-antioxidant A: I-Wanhua Chemical (Beijing) Co., LTD., i-Maitou, njll.; i-wetting dispersant (i-Agent 1), i-wetting dispersant (i-Agent 2): I-Byke Chemical. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingenhla ziyizinga lezimboni. Isikhumba se-PVC lining: I-Changshu Ruihua.
Imishini eyinhloko kanye nezinsimbi
I-Sdf-400 type high-speed mixer, ibhalansi kagesi yohlobo lwe-AR3202CN, isikhunta se-aluminium (10cm×10cm×1cm, 10cm×10cm×5cm), i-oven kagesi yohlobo lwe-101-4AB, umshini wokucindezela kagesi wohlobo lwe-KJ-1065, i-thermostat enamandla yohlobo lwe-501A.
Ukulungiswa kwefomula eyisisekelo kanye nesampula
Indlela eyisisekelo yokwenza i-polyurethane foam eqine kancane iboniswe kuThebula 1.
Ukulungiswa kwesampula yokuhlola izakhiwo zemishini: i-polyether ehlanganisiwe (izinto ezibonakalayo) yalungiswa ngokwefomula yokuklama, ixutshwe ne-MDI eguquliwe ngesilinganiso esithile, yavuselelwa ngedivayisi yokuvuselela esheshayo (3000r/min) imizuzwana emi-3 ~ 5, yabe isithululelwa ku-mold ehambisanayo ukuze igwebulwe, yavula i-mold ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esithile ukuze kutholakale isampula ebunjiwe ye-polyurethane foam eqinile.
Ukulungiswa kwesampula yokuhlola ukusebenza kokubopha: ungqimba lwesikhumba se-PVC lufakwa engxenyeni engezansi yesikhunta, bese i-polyether ehlanganisiwe kanye ne-MDI eguquliwe kuxutshwa ngokulingana, kuxutshwe ngedivayisi yokuxuba enesivinini esikhulu (3 000 r/min) imizuzwana emi-3-5, bese kuthululwa ebusweni besikhumba, bese isikhunta sivalwa, bese i-polyurethane foam enesikhumba ibunjwa ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esithile.
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza
Izakhiwo zemishini: 40% CLD (ubulukhuni obucindezelayo) ngokusho kokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-ISO-3386; Amandla okunamathela kanye nokwelulwa ngesikhathi sokuphuka kuhlolwa ngokwezinga le-ISO-1798; Amandla okudabuka ahlolwa ngokwezinga le-ISO-8067. Ukusebenza kokubopha: Umshini wokucindezela we-elekthronikhi usetshenziselwa ukukhuhla isikhumba kanye ne-foam engu-180° ngokwezinga le-OEM.
Ukusebenza kokuguga: Hlola ukulahleka kwezakhiwo zemishini kanye nezakhiwo zokubopha ngemva kwamahora angu-24 okuguga ku-120℃ ngokuya ngokushisa okujwayelekile kwe-OEM.
Imiphumela nengxoxo
Impahla yemishini
Ngokushintsha isilinganiso se-polyether polyol A kanye ne-polymer polyol B kwifomula eyisisekelo, ithonya lesilinganiso se-polyether esihlukile ezimpahleni ze-polyurethane foam eqina kancane lahlolwa, njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 2.
Kungabonakala emiphumeleni ekuThebula 2 ukuthi isilinganiso se-polyether polyol A kuya ku-polymer polyol B sinomthelela omkhulu ezimpahleni ze-polyurethane foam. Lapho isilinganiso se-polyether polyol A kuya ku-polymer polyol B sanda, ukunwebeka lapho kuphuka kuyanda, ubulukhuni bokucindezela buyehla ngezinga elithile, futhi amandla okudonsa kanye namandla okudabula ashintsha kancane. Uchungechunge lwama-molecule lwe-polyurethane luqukethe ikakhulukazi ingxenye ethambile nengxenye eqinile, ingxenye ethambile evela ku-polyol kanye nengxenye eqinile evela ku-carbamate bond. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isisindo sama-molecule esihlobene kanye nenani le-hydroxyl lama-polyol amabili kuhlukile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-polymer polyol B iyi-polyol ye-polyether eguqulwe yi-acrylonitrile ne-styrene, futhi ukuqina kwengxenye yeketanga kuyathuthuka ngenxa yokuba khona kwendandatho ye-benzene, kuyilapho i-polymer polyol B iqukethe izinto ezincane zama-molecule, okwandisa ubuthakathaka be-foam. Lapho i-polyether polyol A iyizingxenye ezingu-80 kanti i-polymer polyol B iyizingxenye ezingu-10, izakhiwo eziphelele ze-mechanical ze-foam zingcono.
Impahla yokubopha
Njengomkhiqizo onomfutho ophezulu wokucindezela, i-handrail izonciphisa kakhulu induduzo yezingxenye uma i-foam nesikhumba zihlubuka, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kokubopha kwe-polyurethane foam nesikhumba kuyadingeka. Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni olungenhla, kwanezelwa ama-dispersant ahlukahlukene okumanzisa ukuze kuhlolwe izakhiwo zokunamathela kwe-foam nesikhumba. Imiphumela iboniswe kuThebula 3.
Kungabonakala kuThebula 3 ukuthi izihlanzi ezimanzi ezahlukene zinemiphumela ecacile emandleni okuxebuka phakathi kwegwebu nesikhumba: Ukuwa kwegwebu kwenzeka ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwesithasiselo 2, okungase kubangelwe ukuvulwa ngokweqile kwegwebu ngemva kokufakwa kwesithasiselo 2; Ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo 1 no-3, amandla okuxebuka esampula engenalutho anokwanda okuthile, futhi amandla okuxebuka kwesithasiselo 1 aphezulu cishe ngo-17% kunawesampula engenalutho, futhi amandla okuxebuka kwesithasiselo 3 aphezulu cishe ngo-25% kunawesampula engenalutho. Umehluko phakathi kwesithasiselo 1 nesithasiselo 3 ubangelwa kakhulu umehluko ekumeni kwemanzi kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe ebusweni. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlola ukumanzi koketshezi esiqinile, i-Angle yokuxhumana iyipharamitha ebalulekile yokukala ukumanzi kobuso. Ngakho-ke, i-Angle yokuxhumana phakathi kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe nesikhumba ngemva kokufaka izihlanzi ezimbili ezimanzi ezingenhla yahlolwa, futhi imiphumela yaboniswa kuMfanekiso 1.
Kungabonakala kuMfanekiso 1 ukuthi i-engela yokuxhumana yesampula engenalutho inkulu kunazo zonke, engama-27°, kanti i-engela yokuxhumana ye-ejenti esiza 3 incane kunazo zonke, engama-12° kuphela. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-additive 3 kungathuthukisa ukumanziswa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe kanye nesikhumba ngezinga elikhulu, futhi kulula ukusabalala ebusweni besikhumba, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwe-additive 3 kunamandla amakhulu okuxebuka.
Impahla yokuguga
Imikhiqizo ye-handrail icindezelwa emotweni, imvamisa yokuvezwa kwelanga iphezulu, futhi ukusebenza kokuguga kungenye ukusebenza okubalulekile okufanele kucatshangelwe yi-polyurethane semi-rigid handrail foam. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kokuguga kwefomula eyisisekelo kwahlolwa futhi kwenziwa ucwaningo lokuthuthukisa, futhi imiphumela yaboniswa kuThebula 4.
Ngokuqhathanisa idatha ekuThebula 4, kungatholakala ukuthi izakhiwo zomshini kanye nezakhiwo zokubopha zefomula eyisisekelo zincipha kakhulu ngemva kokuguga okushisa ku-120℃: ngemva kokuguga amahora angu-12, ukulahlekelwa kwezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene ngaphandle kobuningi (okufanayo ngezansi) kungu-13% ~ 16%; Ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza kokuguga kwamahora angu-24 kungu-23% ~ 26%. Kuboniswa ukuthi imfanelo yokuguga kokushisa yefomula eyisisekelo ayilungile, futhi imfanelo yokuguga kokushisa yefomula yokuqala ingathuthukiswa ngokusobala ngokungeza isigaba A se-antioxidant A kufomula. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokuhlola ngemva kokufakwa kwe-antioxidant A, ukulahlekelwa kwezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene ngemva kwamahora angu-12 kwaba ngu-7% ~ 8%, kanti ukulahlekelwa kwezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene ngemva kwamahora angu-24 kwaba ngu-13% ~ 16%. Ukwehla kwezakhiwo zomshini kungenxa yochungechunge lwezimpendulo zeketanga ezibangelwa ukuphuka kwezibopho zamakhemikhali kanye nama-free radical asebenzayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuguga okushisa, okuholela ezinguqukweni eziyisisekelo esakhiweni noma ezimpahleni zento yokuqala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwehla kokusebenza kokubopha kungenxa yokwehla kwezakhiwo zemishini ze-foam uqobo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngoba isikhumba se-PVC siqukethe inani elikhulu lama-plasticizer, futhi i-plasticizer iyahamba iye phezulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokuguga kwe-oxygen eshisayo. Ukwengezwa kwama-antioxidants kungathuthukisa izakhiwo zayo zokuguga ezishisayo, ikakhulukazi ngoba ama-antioxidants angasusa ama-free radical asanda kukhiqizwa, abambezele noma avimbele inqubo yokuxiliswa kwe-polymer, ukuze kugcinwe izakhiwo zokuqala ze-polymer.
Ukusebenza okuphelele
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni engenhla, ifomula engcono kakhulu yaklanywa futhi izakhiwo zayo ezahlukahlukene zahlolwa. Ukusebenza kwefomula kwaqhathaniswa nokwe-polyurethane high rebound handrail foam ejwayelekile. Imiphumela iboniswe kuThebula 5.
Njengoba kungabonakala kuThebula 5, ukusebenza kwefomula ye-polyurethane foam eqine kakhulu kunezinzuzo ezithile kunefomula eyisisekelo nejwayelekile, futhi iyasebenza kakhulu, futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezibambo zesandla ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Ukulungisa inani le-polyether nokukhetha i-dispersant emanzi efanelekile kanye ne-antioxidant kunganikeza i-polyurethane foam eqina kancane izakhiwo ezinhle zemishini, izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuguga kokushisa njalo njalo. Ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni okuhle kakhulu kwe-foam, lo mkhiqizo we-polyurethane foam oqina kancane usebenza kahle kakhulu ungasetshenziswa ezintweni zokubopha izimoto ezifana nezikhonkwane namatafula ezinsimbi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-25-2024