Ukulungiswa kanye nezici ze-polyurethane semi-rigid foam yama-handrails ezimoto asebenza kahle kakhulu.
I-armrest engaphakathi emotweni iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-cab, edlala indima yokuphusha nokudonsa umnyango nokubeka ingalo yomuntu emotweni. Uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo, lapho imoto kanye nokushayisana kwe-handrail, i-polyurethane handrail ethambile kanye ne-PP eguquliwe (i-polypropylene), i-ABS (i-polyacrylonitrile - i-butadiene - i-styrene) nezinye i-handrail eqinile yepulasitiki, inganikeza ukunwebeka okuhle kanye ne-buffer, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukulimala. I-Polyurethane soft foam handrails inganikeza ukuzwakala kwesandla okuhle nokuthungwa okuhle kwendawo, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukunethezeka nobuhle be-cockpit. Ngakho-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezidingo zabantu zezinto zangaphakathi, izinzuzo ze-polyurethane foam ezithambile ezinqoleni zezimoto ziya ngokuya ziba sobala.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-handrails athambile e-polyurethane: igwebu eliqinile eliqinile, igwebu eliziqongelelayo kanye negwebu eliqinile. Ingaphandle lezandla eziqinile eziqinile limbozwe ngesikhumba se-PVC (i-polyvinyl chloride), kanti ingaphakathi liyigwebu le-polyurethane eliqinile. Ukusekelwa kwegwebu kubuthakathaka, amandla aphansi, futhi ukunamathela phakathi kwegwebu nesikhumba akwanele. I-handrail enesikhumba esizimele ine-foam core layer yesikhumba, izindleko eziphansi, i-high integration degree, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni zezentengiselwano, kodwa kunzima ukucabangela amandla obuso kanye nokunethezeka okuphelele. I-armrest eyi-semi-rigid imbozwe ngesikhumba se-PVC, isikhumba sinikeza ukuthinta nokubukeka okuhle, futhi igwebu langaphakathi eliqinile linomuzwa omuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nomthelela, ukumuncwa kwamandla kanye nokumelana nokuguga, ngakho-ke lisetshenziswa kabanzi ekusetshenzisweni kwengaphakathi lemoto yomgibeli.
Kuleli phepha, ifomula eyisisekelo ye-polyurethane semi-rigid foam yama-handrails emoto yakhelwe, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kufundwa ngalesi sisekelo.
Isigaba sokuhlola
Impahla eluhlaza eyinhloko
I-polyether polyol A (inani le-hydroxyl 30 ~ 40 mg/g), i-polymer polyol B (inani le-hydroxyl 25 ~ 30 mg/g) : Wanhua Chemical Group Co., LTD. I-MDI eguquliwe [i-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, w (NCO) ingu-25%~30%], i-catalyst eyinhlanganisela, i-dispersant yokumanzisa (I-Agent 3), i-antioxidant A: Wanhua Chemical (Beijing) Co., LTD., Maitou, njll.; I-Dispersant yokumanzisa (I-Agent 1), i-dispersant yokumanzisa (I-Agent 2): I-Byke Chemical. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingenhla ziyizinga lezimboni. Isikhumba somugqa we-PVC: Changshu Ruihua.
Imishini kanye nezinsimbi eziyinhloko
I-Sdf-400 yohlobo lwe-high-speed mixer, ibhalansi yohlobo lwe-AR3202CN yohlobo lwe-electronic, isikhunta se-aluminium (10cm×10cm×1cm, 10cm×10cm×5cm), 101-4AB uhlobo lwe-oven yokuvuthela kagesi, i-KJ-1065 uhlobo lwe-electronic universal tension machine, 501A uhlobo lwe-super thermostat.
Ukulungiswa kwefomula eyisisekelo nesampula
Ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kwegwebu le-polyurethane eliqinile kuboniswe kuThebula 1.
Ukulungiswa kwesampula yokuhlola izakhiwo zemishini: i-polyether eyinhlanganisela (A impahla) yalungiswa ngokuya ngefomula yokuklama, ixutshwe ne-MDI eguquliwe engxenyeni ethile, inyakaziswa ngedivayisi eshukumisayo enesivinini esikhulu (3000r/min) yama-3 ~ 5s, yabe ithululelwa esibunjeni esihambisanayo ukuze igwebu, futhi yavula isikhunta phakathi nesikhathi esithile ukuze ithole isikhunta se-polymithane.
Ukulungiswa kwesampula yokuhlolwa kokusebenza kokubopha: ungqimba lwesikhumba se-PVC lubekwe endaweni engezansi yesikhunta, futhi i-polyether ehlanganisiwe ne-MDI eguquliwe ixutshwe ngokulingana, ishukunyiswe idivayisi eshukumisayo enesivinini esikhulu (3 000 r/min) i-3 ~ 5 s, bese ithululelwa ebusweni besikhumba, futhi isikhunta sivalwa ngesikhunta isikhathi esithile, futhi isikhunta siyavalwa.
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza
Izakhiwo zemishini: 40% CLD (ubunzima obucindezelayo) ngokusho kokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-ISO-3386; Amandla okuqina kanye nobude ngesikhathi sekhefu kuhlolwa ngokwezinga le-ISO-1798; Amandla wezinyembezi ahlolwa ngokwezinga le-ISO-8067. Ukusebenza kwebhondi: Umshini we-electronic tension universal usetshenziselwa ukuxebula isikhumba kanye negwebu elingu-180° ngokwezinga le-OEM.
Ukusebenza kokuguga: Hlola ukulahleka kwezakhiwo eziwumshini kanye nezakhiwo zokubopha ngemuva kwamahora angama-24 okuguga ku-120℃ ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile le-OEM.
Imiphumela nengxoxo
Impahla yemishini
Ngokushintsha isilinganiso se-polyether polyol A kanye ne-polymer polyol B kufomula eyisisekelo, umthelela womthamo we-polyether ohlukile ezimpahleni zomshini zegwebu le-polyurethane eliqinile lahlolwa, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 2.
Kungabonakala emiphumeleni ekuThebula 2 ukuthi isilinganiso se-polyether polyol A kuya ku-polymer polyol B sinomthelela obalulekile kuzakhiwo zemishini ze-polyurethane foam. Lapho isilinganiso se-polyether polyol A ne-polymer polyol B sikhuphuka, ubude ngesikhathi sekhefu buyakhula, ubulukhuni obucindezelayo buyehla ngezinga elithile, futhi amandla okubamba kanye namandla okudabula ashintsha kancane. Iketango lamangqamuzana e-polyurethane ikakhulukazi liqukethe ingxenye ethambile kanye nengxenye eqinile, ingxenye ethambile evela ku-polyol kanye nengxenye eqinile evela ku-carbamate bond. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isisindo samangqamuzana esihlobene kanye nenani le-hydroxyl lama-polyols amabili ahlukile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-polymer polyol B iyi-polyether polyol eshintshwe i-acrylonitrile ne-styrene, futhi ukuqina kwengxenye yeketango kuyathuthukiswa ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-benzene ring, kuyilapho i-polymer polyol B iqukethe izinto ezincane ze-molecule. Uma i-polyether polyol A iyizingxenye ezingu-80 kanye ne-polymer polyol B izingxenye ezingu-10, izici ezibanzi zemishini yegwebu zingcono.
Impahla yebhondi
Njengomkhiqizo onemvamisa yokucindezela okuphezulu, i-handrail izonciphisa kakhulu ukunethezeka kwezingxenye uma i-foam nesikhumba sesikhumba, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukusebenza kokubopha kwe-polyurethane foam nesikhumba. Ngesisekelo salolu cwaningo olungenhla, ama-dispersants ahlukene wokumanzisa ayengezwa ukuhlola izakhiwo zokunamathela zegwebu nesikhumba. Imiphumela ikhonjiswe kuThebula lesi-3.
Kungabonakala kuThebula lesi-3 ukuthi ama-dispersants ahlukene okumanzisa anemiphumela ecacile emandleni okucwenga phakathi kwe-foam nesikhumba: Ukuwa kwe-Foam kwenzeka ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwe-additive 2, okungenzeka kubangelwe ukuvulwa ngokweqile kwe-foam ngemva kokwengezwa kwe-additive 2; Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo 1 no-3, amandla okuhlubula esampula elingenalutho anokwanda okuthile, futhi amandla okuhlubula we-additive 1 cishe aphakeme ngo-17% kunalawo esampula elingenalutho, futhi amandla okuhlubula we-additive 3 cishe angaphezulu kuka-25% kunalawo esampula elingenalutho. Umehluko phakathi kwe-additive 1 kanye ne-additive 3 ikakhulukazi ubangelwa umehluko wokumanzisa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe ebusweni. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlola ukumanzisa koketshezi kokuqinile, i-engeli yokuxhumana iyipharamitha ebalulekile yokulinganisa ukumanzisa kwendawo. Ngakho-ke, i-Angle yokuxhumana phakathi kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe kanye nesikhumba ngemva kokwengeza izisabalalisi zokumanzisa ezimbili ezingenhla ihlolwe, futhi imiphumela yaboniswa kuMfanekiso 1.
Kungabonwa Emfanekisweni 1 ukuthi i-Engeli yokuxhumana yesampula engenalutho inkulu kakhulu, engu-27°, futhi i-Engeli yokuxhumana ye-ejenti engumsizi 3 incane kakhulu, engu-12° kuphela. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-additive 3 kungathuthukisa ukumanzisa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe kanye nesikhumba ngezinga elikhulu, futhi kulula ukusabalalisa ebusweni besikhumba, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwe-additive 3 kunamandla amakhulu okucwenga.
Impahla eguga
Imikhiqizo ye-handrail icindezelwe emotweni, imvamisa yokuchayeka elangeni iphezulu, futhi ukusebenza kokuguga kungenye indlela ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe yigwebu le-polyurethane semi-rigid handrail. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kokuguga kwefomula eyisisekelo kwahlolwa futhi kwenziwa ucwaningo lokuthuthukisa, futhi imiphumela yaboniswa kuThebula 4.
Ngokuqhathanisa idatha kuThebula 4, kungatholakala ukuthi izakhiwo zemishini kanye nezakhiwo zokubopha zefomula eyisisekelo ziyancipha kakhulu ngemva kokuguga okushisayo ku-120 ℃: ngemva kokuguga kwe-12h, ukulahlekelwa kwezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene ngaphandle kokuminyana (okufana ngezansi) yi-13% ~ 16%; Ukulahleka kokusebenza kokuguga kwamahora angama-24 kungu-23% ~ 26%. Kuboniswa ukuthi indawo yokuguga ukushisa yefomula eyisisekelo ayilungile, futhi impahla yokuguga yokushisa yefomula yasekuqaleni ingathuthukiswa ngokusobala ngokwengeza Ikilasi le-antioxidant A kufomula. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokuhlola ngemva kokwengezwa kwe-antioxidant A, ukulahlekelwa kwezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene ngemva kwe-12h kwaba ngu-7% ~ 8%, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene ngemva kwe-24h kwaba ngu-13% ~ 16%. Ukuncipha kwezakhiwo zemishini kubangelwa ikakhulukazi uchungechunge lokusabela kweketango okubangelwa ukuphuka kwesibopho samakhemikhali nama-radicals mahhala asebenzayo phakathi nenqubo yokuguga okushisayo, okuholela ezinguqukweni eziyisisekelo esakhiweni noma ezimpahleni zento yokuqala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwehla kokusebenza kokubopha kubangelwa ukwehla kwezakhiwo zemishini ye-foam ngokwayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngoba isikhumba se-PVC siqukethe inani elikhulu lama-plasticizers, futhi i-plasticizer ithuthela phezulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokuguga kwe-oksijeni eshisayo. Ukwengezwa kwama-antioxidants kungathuthukisa izakhiwo zayo zokuguga ezishisayo, ikakhulukazi ngoba ama-antioxidants angaqeda ama-radicals mahhala asanda kukhiqizwa, ukubambezeleka noma avimbele inqubo ye-oxidation ye-polymer, ukuze kugcinwe izakhiwo zangempela ze-polymer.
Ukusebenza okuphelele
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni engenhla, ifomula elungile yaklanywa futhi izakhiwo zayo ezihlukahlukene zahlolwa. Ukusebenza kwefomula kuqhathaniswe nalokho kwegwebu le-handrail eliyi-polyurethane high rebound. Imiphumela ikhonjiswe kuThebula lesi-5.
Njengoba kungabonwa kuThebula lesi-5, ukusebenza kwefomula yegwebu le-polyurethane eqinile engaqinile kunezinzuzo ezithile ngaphezu kwamafomula ayisisekelo navamile, futhi isebenziseka kakhulu, futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwama-handrails asebenza kahle kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Ukulungisa inani le-polyether nokukhetha i-dispersant yokumanzisa efanelekayo kanye ne-antioxidant kunganikeza i-polyurethane foam eqinile kahle yemishini, izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuguga kokushisa nokunye. Ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni okuhle kakhulu kwegwebu, lo mkhiqizo wegwebu owenziwe nge-polyurethane semi-rigid semi-rigid osebenza kahle kakhulu ungasetshenziswa ezintweni zebhafa yezimoto njengama-handrails namathebula amathuluzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-25-2024