Ukwethulwa kwe-ejenti yokwenza igwebu le-polyurethane eqinile esetshenziswa ensimini yokwakha
Njengoba izidingo zezakhiwo zesimanje zokonga amandla nokuvikela imvelo ziyanda, ukusebenza kokuvikela ukushisa kwezinto zokwakha kuba okubaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, i-polyurethane rigid foam iyinto enhle kakhulu yokuvikela ukushisa, enezakhiwo ezinhle zomshini, ukuhanjiswa kokushisa okuphansi kanye nezinye izinzuzo, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokuvikela ukushisa kwezakhiwo.
I-foam agent ingenye yezithasiselo eziyinhloko ekukhiqizweni kwe-polyurethane hard foam. Ngokwendlela esebenza ngayo, ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: i-chemical foam agent kanye ne-physical foam agent.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-foam agents
I-agent ye-foam yamakhemikhali iyisengezo esikhiqiza izinto ze-polyurethane ezisebenzisa igesi kanye nama-foam ngesikhathi sokusabela kwama-isocyanates nama-polyol. Amanzi amele i-agent ye-foam yamakhemikhali, ephendula nengxenye ye-isocyanate ukuze yakhe igesi ye-carbon dioxide, ukuze ifake i-polyurethane foam. I-agent ye-foam engokwenyama iyisengezo esengeziwe enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-polyurethane hard foam, efaka i-polyurethane foam ngesenzo somzimba segesi. Ama-agent e-foam engokwenyama ikakhulukazi amakhemikhali e-organic abilayo kancane, njenge-hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) noma i-alkane (HC).
Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwei-ejenti ye-foamYaqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950, inkampani iDuPont yasebenzisa i-trichloro-fluoromethane (CFC-11) njenge-ejenti yokufutha i-polyurethane hard foam, futhi yathola ukusebenza okungcono komkhiqizo, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi i-CFC-11 ibilokhu isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni we-polyurethane hard foam. Njengoba i-CFC-11 yabonakala ilimaza ungqimba lwe-ozone, amazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu ayeka ukusebenzisa i-CFC-11 ekupheleni kuka-1994, kanti neShayina nayo yavimbela ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-CFC-11 ngo-2007. Ngemva kwalokho, i-United States neYurophu zavimbela ukusetshenziswa kwe-CFC-11 esikhundleni se-HCFC-141b ngo-2003 nango-2004, ngokulandelana. Njengoba ukuqwashisa ngemvelo kuyanda, amazwe aqala ukuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela ezinamandla okushisa komhlaba aphansi (GWP).
Ama-foam agents ohlobo lwe-Hfc ake aba esikhundleni se-CFC-11 kanye ne-HCFC-141b, kodwa inani le-GWP lama-compounds ohlobo lwe-HFC lisaphakeme kakhulu, okuyinto engahambisani nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukugxila kokuthuthukiswa kwama-foam agents emkhakheni wokwakha kuye kwashintshela kwezinye izindlela ze-GWP eziphansi.
Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwama-foam agents
Njengohlobo lwezinto zokuvikela ukushisa, i-polyurethane eqinile foam inezinzuzo eziningi, njengokusebenza kahle kakhulu kokuvikela ukushisa, amandla amahle okusebenza, ukusebenza kahle kokumuncwa komsindo, impilo yenkonzo ezinzile yesikhathi eside nokunye.
Njengengxenye ebalulekile ekulungiseleleni i-polyurethane hard foam, i-foam agent inomthelela obalulekile ekusebenzeni, ezindleleni kanye nasekuvikelweni kwemvelo kwezinto zokushisa. Izinzuzo ze-chemical foam agent ukuthi ishesha kakhulu i-foam, i-foam efanayo, ingasetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene kanye nomswakama, ingathola izinga eliphezulu le-foam, ukuze kulungiselelwe i-polyurethane rigid foam esebenza kahle kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, ama-foam agent amakhemikhali angakhiqiza amagesi ayingozi, njenge-carbon dioxide, i-carbon monoxide kanye ne-nitrogen oxides, okubangela ukungcola emvelweni. Inzuzo ye-foam agent ebonakalayo ukuthi ayikhiqizi amagesi ayingozi, ayinawo umthelela omkhulu emvelweni, futhi ingathola nosayizi omncane wamabhamuza kanye nokusebenza okungcono kokuvikela. Kodwa-ke, ama-foam agent angokoqobo anezinga eliphansi lokuphuma kwegwebu futhi adinga izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kanye nomswakama ukuze asebenze kahle kakhulu.
Njengohlobo lwezinto zokuvikela ukushisa, i-polyurethane eqinile foam inezinzuzo eziningi, njengokusebenza kahle kakhulu kokuvikela ukushisa, amandla amahle okusebenza, ukusebenza kahle kokumuncwa komsindo, impilo yenkonzo ezinzile yesikhathi eside nokunye.
Njengomsizi obalulekile ekulungiseleleniigwebu eliqinile le-polyurethane, i-ejenti yokwenza amagwebu inomthelela obalulekile ekusebenzeni, ezindleleni kanye nasekuvikelweni kwemvelo kwezinto zokushisa. Izinzuzo ze-ejenti yokwenza amagwebu yamakhemikhali yisivinini esisheshayo sokwenza amagwebu, ukwenza amagwebu okufanayo, kungasetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene kanye nomswakama, kungathola izinga eliphezulu lokwenza amagwebu, ukuze kulungiselelwe i-polyurethane rigid foam esebenza kahle kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, ama-foam agent amakhemikhali angakhiqiza amagesi ayingozi, njenge-carbon dioxide, i-carbon monoxide kanye ne-nitrogen oxides, okubangela ukungcola emvelweni. Inzuzo ye-foam agent ebonakalayo ukuthi ayikhiqizi amagesi ayingozi, ayinawo umthelela omkhulu emvelweni, futhi ingathola nosayizi omncane wamabhamuza kanye nokusebenza okungcono kokuvikela. Kodwa-ke, ama-foam agent angokoqobo anezinga eliphansi lokuphuma kwegwebu futhi adinga izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kanye nomswakama ukuze asebenze kahle kakhulu.
Umkhuba wentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo
Umkhuba wama-ejenti akhipha amagwebu embonini yokwakha yesikhathi esizayo uhlose kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ama-substitute aphansi e-GWP. Isibonelo, i-CO2, i-HFO, kanye nezinye izindlela zamanzi, ezine-GWP ephansi, i-ODP engenalutho, kanye nokunye ukusebenza kwemvelo, kuye kwasetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwe-polyurethane rigid foam. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ubuchwepheshe bezinto zokufaka amagwebu esakhiweni buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, i-ejenti ekhipha amagwebu izothuthukisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu, njengokusebenza okungcono kokufaka amagwebu, izinga eliphezulu lokufaka amagwebu, kanye nosayizi omncane wamabhamuza.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amabhizinisi amakhemikhali e-organofluorine asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe abelokhu efuna ngenkuthalo futhi ethuthukisa ama-ejenti amasha e-foam aqukethe i-fluorine, okuhlanganisa ama-ejenti e-foam e-fluorinated olefins (HFO), abizwa ngokuthi ama-foam agent esizukulwane sesine futhi ayi-ejenti e-foam ebonakalayo ephethe ukushisa okuhle kwesigaba segesi kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-21-2024